Hemorrhagic (traumatic) shock (HS)
Antonio C. Capone, P.I.

We are trying to make survivable beyond the present "golden hour." An uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS) model in rats was developed, with tail amputation to allow for continued bleeding. Shock phase I is followed by resuscitation phase II, which is followed by observation phase III to 72 hours. Before control of the bleeding site, fluid resuscitation with plasma substitutes, such as salt solution, aiming for normal blood pressure during shock, worsened blood loss and outcome. Minimal hypotensive fluid resuscitation to blood pressure of only 40 mm Hg significantly improved survival rate over no treatment or normotensive fluid resuscitation attempts (Capone, et al: J Am Coll Surg 180:49, 1995).

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